The Johnston Atoll is a deserted 1,300-hectare (3,200-acre) atoll in the North Pacific Ocean located about 750 nautical miles (1,390 km; 860 mi) southwest of the island of Hawai'i and is grouped as one of the United States Minor Outlying Islands. It is closed to public entry. For nearly 70 years, the atoll was under the control of the U.S. military. During that time, it was variously used as a naval refueling depot, an airbase, a nuclear and biological weapons testing site, and a secret missile base.